Federalism quiz with important questions
What is Federalism?
- It is a system of government where power is shared between central government and individual states or provinces
- Federation has two levels of government: Country level and State or Province level
கூட்டமைப்புக்கு அரசாங்கத்தின் இரண்டு நிலைகள் உள்ளன: நாடு நிலை மற்றும் மாநில அல்லது மாகாண நிலை
Difference between Federal govt. and Unitary govt.
Unitary government:
There is either only one level of government or sub-units are junior to central govt.
Central government orders state or local government.
Federal government
Power shared among central government and state govt.Central government cannot order state or local government to do something.
Ideal Federal System :
A perfect federal system has two features:
Mutual trust between different levels of government
Agreement to live together
Coming together federations:
All independent states come together to form bigger unit.
All constituent states have equal power and strong relation to federal government
This type of federation exists in USA, Switzerland and Australia
Holding together federations:
Large country divide its power between States and national government
Central government is more powerful than States
This type of federation exists in India, Spain and Belgium
Power distribution in Indian States
All Indian states have different powers due to “holding together” federation.
Some States enjoy special status such as Jammu & Kashmir has its own constitution.
Some units of Indian union enjoy very little power such as Chandigarh, Lakshadweep or Delhi. These are called Union territories.
The Central government runs Union territories.
Role of Judiciary ( Courts):
Judiciary plays an important role in implementing constitutional rules and procedures
High courts and Supreme courts makes decisions in case of disputes
The Union and State governments can raise resources by charging taxes to run government.
Decentralisation in India:
India is very vast country.
Federal power sharing in India needs a tier of government below state government
Thus, there is a third-tier of government called local government
Transfer of power from Central or State government to local government is called Decentralisation
This is the reason for decentralisation (transfer of power from Centre to authority) of power.
Demerits of local government
Gram sabhas are not held regularly.
Most state government have not transferred significant powers to local governments.
Local government lack adequate resources.
Rural Local government
Also known as Panchayati Raj
Each village or group of villages has a gram panchayat
This council (group of people) consists of ward members often called panch, and a president or sarpanch
They are elected from people of that ward or village
Panchayat works under supervision of gram sabha
Gram panchayat is evaluated every twice or thrice in a year
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