civics previous year question year wise

civics previous year question year wise

sms (smart studies ) November 27, 2020

 

Question paper year wise

 

NCERT Hindi Book explanation in English and tamil 

NCERT solutions Hindi सूरदास


politics:

2007:

1.Explain the four measures taken by the Government of India to tackle the problem of poverty.
1.Jawahar Rozgar Yojana /Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY): Two new schemes, namely,
2.National Rural Employment Programme (NREP).
3.Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) were merged in the year1989.
4.Under Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY).
2.“Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy.” Support this statement with four examples
Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy because of the following reasons:
1.Transport routes benefit trade and Commerce.
2.Transport routes help in the development in the industrial as well as agricultural economy.
3.Transport routes provide direct and gainful employment.
4.State any eight steps which have been mentioned in the Indian Constitution to protect the interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
1.Through the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) and the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP), the Government of India is channelling funds from the Planning Commission for the development of SCs and STs respectively.
 2.The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act.
3. 2006 (FRA); The Provision of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas).
4. Act, 1996; Minor Forest Produce Act 2005; and the Tribal Sub-Plan Strategy are focused on the socio-economic empowerment of STs.
5.The Land Acquisition Bill, which has been renamed as The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill.
6. 2012 has a separate Chapter to protect the interests of SCs and STs.
7.The Parliament of India passed The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and Their Rehabilitation Bill, 2013 in September 2013.
8.Article 46 of the Constitution provides that the State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the society and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.
5.Describe any four privileges enjoyed by minority communities in India
⦁    Scholarship Schemes.
⦁    Maulana Azad National Fellowship (MANF)
⦁    Padho Pardesh - Scheme of Interest Subsidy on Educational Loans for Overseas Studies for the Students Belonging to the Minority Communities.
⦁    Naya Savera - Free Coaching and Allied Scheme.

 6.How does casteism create hindrance in our social development ? Explain any two points

or

 What is casteism ? How is casteism in India different as compared to other societies ?

Or

Describe any five features of the caste system prevailing in India. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. (i) Organisation of people into social groups for the purpose of marriage, work and diet is known as the caste system.
(ii) The social structure of India is based upon the caste system. All societies have some kind of social inequality and some form of division of labour, but the Indian caste system is an extreme form of division of labour based on birth.
(iii) Although in most societies, occupations are passed on from one generation to another, but in India, it is different from other societies as in this system hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
(iv) The Indian caste system was very rigid. Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practised the same or similar occupation, married within the caste grouf), and did not eat with members from other caste groups.
(v) Indian caste system continues to be closely linked to economic status.
7.State two ways by which the Indian people reacted to the partition of Bengal by LordCurzon.[ 2007]
The Muslims, the majority community of this part, welcomed the decision; on the other hand, the educationally more developed Hindu community rejected it.

2008:

1.State two main bases of social division in Sri Lanka.
Ans. The two main bases of social division in Sri Lanka are Linguistic differences and Religious differences.
(i) The major social groups are the Sinhala speakers and the Tamil speakers.
(ii) Sinhala-speaking people are mostly Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.
2.What are two main duties of females according to traditional assumptions?
Ans. Two traditional duties of the women in the household are:
(i) to run all household work in such a way that the men are left free and can play their roles as bread winners.
(ii) to bear children and carefully raise them.
3.How many countries in the world have democratic form of government?
Ans . Over a hundred countries of the world today claim and practice some kind of democracy.
4.How can we achieve our hopes and possibilities in the present world?
Ans. We can achieve these through modernisation involving use of new technologies in agriculture and industry, further expansion of service sector by producing experts in modern technologies and management.
5.. Explain the relationship between religion and politics.

Or

How are religious differences expressed in politics ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Ans. (i) Views of Gandhiji : Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by religion was not any particular religion like Hinduism or Islam, but the moral values that are there in all religions. According to him, politics must be guided by ethics drawn from all religions.
(ii) Views of Human rights groups : Human rights groups in our country have argued that most of the victims of communal riots in our country are people from religious minorities. They have demanded that the government should take special steps to protect religious minorities.
(iii) Women’s Movements : Women’s movements have argued that family laws of all religions discriminate against women. So they have demanded that the government should change these laws to make them more equitable. 

6. What are Feminist Movements? What were their major demands ? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2012]

Or

What was the Feminist Movement ? Explain the political demands of the Feminist Movement in India. [CBSE 2013]
Ans. These are the movements which are organised by various women organisations to create equality for women in personal and family life.
(i) These feminist movements demand equal rights for women in all spheres of life.
(ii) There were agitations in different countries for the extension of voting rights to women.
(iii) The agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women.
(iv) The movements also demanded in improving the educational and career opportunities for the women. 

8. What is casteism ? How is casteism in India different as compared to other societies ?

Or

Describe any five features of the caste system prevailing in India. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. (i) Organisation of people into social groups for the purpose of marriage, work and diet is known as the caste system.
(ii) The social structure of India is based upon the caste system. All societies have some kind of social inequality and some form of division of labour, but the Indian caste system is an extreme form of division of labour based on birth.
(iii) Although in most societies, occupations are passed on from one generation to another, but in India, it is different from other societies as in this system hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
(iv) The Indian caste system was very rigid. Members of the same caste group were supposed to form a social community that practised the same or similar occupation, married within the caste grouf), and did not eat with members from other caste groups.
(v) Indian caste system continues to be closely linked to economic status. 

9. Mention any positive role of caste in politics.

Or

Describe the positive and negative aspects of relationship between caste and politics [CBSE 2013, 14]
Ans. (i) In some situations, expression of caste differences in politics gives many disadvantaged communities the space to demand their share of power.
(ii) In this sense, caste politics has helped people from the Dalits and the OBC castes to gain better access to decision making.
(iii) Several political and non-political organisations have been demanding and agitating for the end of discrimination against particular castes, for more dignity and more access to land, resources and opportunities.
Negative :
(i) It disrupts social harmony.
(ii) It can divert attention from other pressing issues like poverty, corruption, etc.
10. ‘Politics too influences the caste system.’ Explain.

Or

In what ways does politics influence caste system ? [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Or

How caste is politicised ? Explain any three points. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. Politics too influences the caste system and caste identities by bringing them into the political arena. Thus, it is not politics that gets caste-ridden, it is the caste that gets politicised. Politics in caste normally takes the following forms :
(i) Wide base : Each caste tries to widen its base to gain majority. Each caste gpdup tries to become bigger by incorporating within it, the neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
(ii) Coalition : Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities, and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation. This strengthens the basic structure of democracy.
(iii) New groups : New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ caste groups.
11. Explain the different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India. [CBSE 2008 (D), Sept. 2010, 2012]

Or

How women in India still face discrimination and oppression in various ways ? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Or

In our country, women still lag much behind than men despite some improvements since independence. Justify this statement by giving four reasons. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) Literacy rate : The literacy rate among women is only 65.46 (2011 census) per cent as compared to 82.14 (2011 census) per cent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies because parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys education than spending equally on their daughters.
(ii) Unpaid work : The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. Though on an average, the Indian woman works one hour more than an average man everyday, but most of them are not paid equally and therefore, their work is often not valued.
(iii) Sex ratio : In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons, and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born. This has led to a decline in the child sex ratio (the number of girl children per thousand boys) in the country is merely 940.
(iv) Domestic violence : There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women. Both urban as well as rural areas have become unsafe , for women. They are not safe even within their own homes from beating and other forms of domestic violence.
14. Explain the various forms that communalism can take in politics. [CBSE Sept. 2011, 2012]

Or

What is communalism ? Explain the various forms that communalism take in politics. [CBSE 2013]

Or

Explain the main features of Communalism. What form does it take in politics ? [CBSE 2013]
Or
What is communalism ? How is communalism a hinderance in the functioning of our democracy ? Explain. [CBSE 2012]
Ans. Communalism can take several forms in politics – in everyday beliefs, formation of parties based on communities, campaigning or asking for votes, formation of government, etc.
(i) Communalism in daily beliefs : The most common expression of communalism is in everyday life. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and the beliefs in the superiority of one religion over the other religions. This is so common that we often fail to notice it, even when we believe in it.
(ii) Formation of political parties on the basis of communities : All the communities of the world have a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to the majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit.
(iii) Political mobilization on communal lines : It is another frequent form of communalism. Parties based on a particular community make use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and create fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena. In electoral politics, this often involves a special appeal to the interests or emotions of voters of one religion in preference to others.
(iv) Communal riots: Sometimes, communalism takes the most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India has suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of partition. The post independence period has also seen large- scale communal violence.
15. What forms can caste take in politics ?
Or
Explain any four forms of casteism in Indian Politics. [CBSE 2009 (D), 2010(0)]
Or
Explain the role of caste in Indian politics. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Or
Explain any three forms of caste politics in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) While choosing candidates : When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate, and nominate candidates from different castes so as to get necessary support to win elections.
(ii) While forming a government : When the governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.
(iii) While campaigning : Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to people to give them their votes on the basis of caste. Some political parties are known to favour some castes, and are seen as their representatives. .
(iv) Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one-vote, has
compelled the political leaders to raise the caste-based issues during elections. They do so to mobilise and secure political support. It also brought new consciousness among the people of castes that were hitherto treated as inferior and low.
16. State any four provisions of the Indian Constitution which makes it a secular state. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2012]
Ans. (i) No official religion : There is no official religion of the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Islam in Pakistan and Hinduism in Nepal, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
(ii) Fundamental Rights : Under the Right To Freedom of Religion, our Constitution provides to all citizens freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
Under the Cultural and Educational Right, our Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(iii) Equality : The Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. To ensure equality, untouchability has been banned.
(iv) Intervention of the state within religious communities : The Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within the different religious communities.
17. Mention any four steps which can be undertaken to improve the women’s representation in politics.
Or
Suggest any three steps to improve the women’s participation in politics. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. (i) To make it legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected bodies
(ii) By reserving some seats in the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies for women.
(iii) Political parties should also give due representation to women members.
(iv) By raising the literacy rate.


 coming soon........

NCERT Hindi Book explanation in English and tamil 

NCERT solutions Hindi सूरदास


 

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