Answer/solution for 2020 question paper

NCERT Hindi Book explanation in English and tamil

NCERT solutions Hindi
Chapter 2 Kshitiz
सूरदास

NCERT solutions for history

Nationalism in Europe

NCERT SOLUTIONS & BOOK देव LESSONS EXPLANATION IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL

previous year question paper class 10 of sst

1.Which of the following revolutions is called as the first expression of ‘Nationalism’?

A. French Revolution

B. Russian Revolution

C. Glorious Revolution

D. The Revolution of the liberals

Ans: A. French Revolution

2.Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers?

Inland Emigration Act of 1859:

Plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without Permission.

3.Why was the Vernacular Press Act passed in 1878?

Vernacular Press Act:

It provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the Vernaculars press.

Why was ‘Gulamgiri’ book written by Jyotiba Phule in 1871?

Ans:Gulamgiri by Jyotiba Phule .It was written against injustice of the caste system

4.Define the term ‘Veto.’

Ans: Veto:It is the power to unilaterally stop any bill.

Or

Define the term ‘Carding.’

Ans: Carding:It is a process in which fibers such as cotton or wool are prepared prior to spinning

5.Fill in the blank. Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into ______ around A.D. 768-770.

Ans: Japan

1448, Gutenberg perfected the system of printing. The first book he printed was the _______.

Ans: Bible

1 6. Why was reading of manuscript not easy in India? Choose the appropriate reason from the following options :

A. Manuscripts were highly cheap.

B. Manuscripts were widely spread out.

C. Manuscripts were written in English and Hindi.

D. Manuscripts were fragile.

Ans: Manuscripts were fragile.

7. Who were called ‘Chapmen’?

A. Book seller

B. Paper seller

C. Workers of printing press

D. Seller of ‘penny chap books’

Ans: D. Seller of ‘penny chap books’

Fill in the blanks.

8.Types of Resources Examples

A-? Biotic and Abiotic

B-? Renewable and non-renewable

Ans: Types of Resources:

A-On the basis of Origin

B-On the Basis of Exhaustibility

9. Which is the oldest artificial sea port of India?

Ans:Oldest artificial Sea port of India:Chennai

Or

Which is the deepest, landlocked and well protected sea port of India?

Ans: Deepest, landlocked and well protected Sea Port: Visakhapatnam

10. In which of the following States is Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant located?

A. Gujarat

B. Odisha

C. Kerala

D. Tamil Nadu

Ans: D. Tamil Nadu

11. Choose the correct option from columns A and B.

A	B
(a) Chandrapur thermal power plant	(i) Odisha
(b) Mayurbhanj iron ore mines	(ii) Amarkantak
(c) Kalol oil fields	(iii) Gujarat
(d) Bauxite mines	(iv) Jharkhand

Ans:
Correct option:(C). Kalol Oil Fields –Gujarat.

12. Fill in the blank :

________ industry is used for manufacturing aircraft, utensils and wire.

Ans: Industry used for manufacturing aircraft: Aluminium Smelting

13. Which one of the following is a major caste group of Sri Lanka :

A. Christian and Tamil

B. Buddhist and Hindu

C. Sinhali and Tamil

D. Sinhali and Christian

Ans:Major caste group of Sri Lanka:(C)Sinhali and Tamil

14. State any one step taken in Belgium to rule out the problem of regional differences and cultural diversities.

Ans: Step taken by Belgium:

The constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in Central Government judiciary

15. Modern democracies maintain check and balance system. Identify the correct option based on the horizontal power sharing arrangement.

A. Central government, state government, local bodies

B. Legislature, executive, judiciary.

C. Among different social groups.

D. Among different pressure groups.

Ans: Horizontal power sharing:B/Legislative,executive,

16. Suggest any one way to protect women from domestic oppression.

Ans:To protect women from domestic oppression.

(i)By enhancing their political representation

(ii)By empowering them through education.

(iii)Through legal rights(iv)Any other relevant point.

Any one point.

Or

Suggest any one way to create communal harmony among various communities of India.

Ans: Ways to create Communal harmony

(i)By enhancing the feeling of national integration among people

(ii) Communal Prejudices and Propaganda needs to be eradicated in everyday life.

(iii) Any other relevant point

17. Choose the incorrect option from column A and column B

Column A	Column B
Category of person	Developmental goals/Aspirations
(a) Landless rural labourers	(i)More days of work and better wages
(b) Prosperous farmers from Punjab	(ii) Availability of other sources of irrigation
(c) Farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops	(iii) Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births (2016)
(d) A rural woman from a land owning family	(iv) Regular job and high wages to increase her income
ANS: (d) A rural woman from a land owning family	(d) A rural woman from a land owning family

18. Study the table and answer the question given below.

Some comparative data on Haryana, Kerala and Bihar
State	Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births (2016)	Literacy Rate % 2011	storage and structural compounds of membrane
Haryana	33	82	61
Kerala	10	94	83
Bihar	38	62	43

Sources :Economic Survey, 2017-18 Vol. 2, Government of India; National Sample Survey Organisation (Report No. 575)

Question : In comparison to Kerala which state has the highest infant mortality rate.

Ans: Table: Highest infant mortality rate:
Bihar.

19. Suggest any one way to create employment in semi-rural areas.

Ans: Way to create employment in Semi- rural areas:
(i) By setting up of small and Agro based industries
(ii) By launching Infrastructural projects
(iii) Any other relevant point.
Any one to be mentioned

20. How is GDP calculated?

Ans: GDP:
The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year.

Or

How is Public sector different from Private sector?

Ans:Public Sector different from Private Sector
In the public sector govt. owns most of the assets and provides all the services whereas In Private sector ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individual or companies.

Section-B

21. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

Source : The Movement in the Towns

The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power–something that usually only Brahmans had access to e effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs. 102 crore to Rs. 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

Source : The Movement in the Towns

21.1 Explain the role of ‘Justice Party’ in boycotting of council elections.

Ans- Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power –something that usually only Brahmans had access to.

21.2 How was the effects of ‘non-cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic?

Ans- Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.

21.3 Explain the effect of ‘Boycott’ movement on ‘foreign textile trade.

Ans: i. The import of foreign cloth halved
ii. Merchants & traders refused to trade in foreign goods or
finance foreign trade.
iii. Indian textile mills & handloom went up
iv. Any other relevant point
Any one to be explained.

22. Explain any three effects of population growth in England in the late eighteenth century.

Ans: Effects of Population growth in England :
i. Increase the demand of food grain in Britain
ii. Urban Centers expanded
iii. Effect on Corn laws.
iv. Food was imported in Britain.
v. Pushing up food grain prices
vi. Any other relevant point
Any three points to be explained.

Or

Why did the export of Indian textile decline at the beginning of the nineteenth century? Explain any three reasons.

Ans:Export of Indian textile decline:
(i) Cotton industries developed in England
(ii) Companies in England pressurized Government to impose
import duties on cotton textile so that Manchester goods
could be sold in Britain without facing any competition
from outside
(iii) Industrialists persuaded the East India Company to sell Britis manufactures in Indian markets
(iv) Export of British cotton goods increased in the early 19th
Century
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained

23. Describe the importance of judicious use of resources.

Ans: Judicious use of Resources:
(i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity.

(ii) Irrational consumption and over utilization may lead to socio-
economic & environmental problems.

(iii) Most of the resources are non-renewable, if exhausted,
then they may not be able to recreated.
(iv) Resources are available only in limited quantity
(v) Any other relevant point
Any three points to be described

Or

Describe the different steps of ‘resource planning.’

Ans:Steps of Resource Planning:
(i)Identification & Inventory of resources
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate
technology, skill and institutional set-up.
(iii) Resource development plans are matched with overall national
development plans.
(iv)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be described

24. “Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development of the country.” Support the statement with examples.

Ans: Means of Transport are pre-requisites for fast development of the
country:
(i) For carrying passengers and things from one place to another
(ii) Raw material can reach factories faster.
(iii) The movement of the finished goods from their supply
locations to demand locations necessitates the need for
transport.
(iv) Mobility of labour force also increases.
(v) Some people are engaged in facilitating the movements are
known as traders who make the products come to the
consumers by transportation
(vi) Today, the world has been converted into a large village with
the help of efficient & fast moving transport.
(v)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained

25. Describe any three features of ‘federal government.’

Ans: Features of Federal Government:
(i) Sharing of powers-two or more levels of Government
(ii) Each government has its own jurisdiction
(iii) Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the
powers of different levels of Government

(iv) Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly
specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
(v) The fundamental provisions of the constitution can be changed
with the consent of both.
(vi)It has dual objectives to safeguard and promote unity of the
country.
(viii)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be described.

Or

Describe any three features of ‘unitary government.’

Ans: Features of Unitary Government:
(i) All powers are centralized in the hands of the Central
government
(ii) The sub-units are subordinate to Central Government.
(iii) The Central Government can pass an order to provincial or the
local government
(iv) Centre and state governments are separately answerable to
the people.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be described

26. Mention any three features of ‘secularism’ described in the Indian Constitution.

Ans: Feature of Secularism:
(i) There is no official religion in a secular state like India.
(ii) The Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
(iii) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of
religion.
(iv) All individuals and communities have been given freedom to
practice, profess and propagate any religion.
(v) The Constitution of India puts ban on the discrimination on
grounds of religion.
(vi) )Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be mentioned.

Or

Mention the problem of ‘Casteism’ in Indian politics.

Ans: Problems of Casteism in Indian Politics:
(i)Caste system is an extreme form of Social inequality
(ii)In this system, hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by
rituals.
(iii)They were subjected to the inhuman practice of untouchability.
(iv)When party choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the
cast compositions of the electorate
(v) People nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster
necessary support to win elections.
(v)Candidates in elections make appeals to cast sentiments to muster
support.
(vi)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be mentioned.

27. Suggest any three ways to maintain Body Mass Index (BMI).

Ans:BMI:
(i)Eat healthy and nutritious food
(ii) Regular exercise.
(iii)Self monitoring
(iv)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be explained.

28. “Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.” Evaluate the statement.

Ans:Tertiary sector helps in the development of primary and secondary
sectors :
(i)Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the primary and
secondary sector.
(ii)These activities are an aid or a support for the production process.
(iii)Transport, Storage, Communication, Banking, Trade are some
example of service or Tertiary sector.
(iv) Promote primary and secondary sectors by providing expertise,
finance, transportation, advertisement, etc.
(v)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be evaluated.

Or

“‘Primary sector’ was the most important sector of economic activity at initial stages of development.” Evaluate the statement.

Ans:Primary Sector the most important sector at initial stages of
development:
(i)As the methods of farming change and agriculture sector began to
prosper, it produces much more food than before.
(ii) Many people could now take up other activities.
(iii)There were increasing number of craft-persons and traders.
(iv)Buying and selling activities increased many times.
(vi)Any other relevant point.
Any three points to be evaluated.

Section-C

29. How did ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism? Explain.

Ans: Ideas of national unity in Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism:
(i) Liberals emphasized the concept of government by consent.
(ii) Liberals supported creation of unified economic territory
(iii) Liberals supported the demand of middle class about freedom
of markets and end of state-imposed restrictions on
movement of goods and capital.
(iv) For the new middle-class liberalism stands for individual
freedom and equality of all before law.
(v) A common custom union, sovereign, at the initiative of Prussia
was formed.
(vi) Liberalism stood for end of autocracy and special privileges.
(vii)The creation of a network of railways stimulated mobility,
harnessing economic interests to national unification.

(viii)A wave of economic nationalism strengthened the wider
nationalist sentiments growing at the time.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

Or

How did Greek war of independence mobilise nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe? Explain.

Ans : Greek War of Independence mobilized nationalist feelings:
(i) The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off
a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks
(ii) Nationalists in Greece got support from other Greeks living in
exile.
(iii) Sympathies for ancient Greek culture.
(iv) Poets and artists landed Greece as the cradle of European
civilization.
(v) The English poet Lord Byron organized funds and later went to
fight in the War.
(vi) The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe let to
struggle for independence among the Greeks from ottoman
Empire.
(vii)Finally, The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognized
Greece as an independent nation.
(vii)Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

30. Why is agriculture called the backbone of Indian economy? Explain.

Ans:Agriculture as the backbone of Indian economy:
(i) It’s share in the GDP is high.
(ii) It provides employment opportunities.
(iii) Population dependent on agriculture for sustenance
(iv) It provides raw material to Secondary sector.
(v) It helps in improving trade.
(vi) Service sector is also based on agriculture.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

31. Describe any five functions of political party.

Ans: Functions of Political Party:
(i)Parties contest elections.
(ii)Parties put forward different policies and programmes.
(iii)Parties lay a decisive role in making laws.
(iv)Parties form and run governments.
(v)They shape public opinion.
(vi)Play the role of opposition.
(vii)Access to government machinery and welfare schemes.
(viii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be described.

32. ‘Democratic system is better than any other form of governments.’ Support the statement with examples.

Ans:Democratic system is better than any other form of Governments:
(i)Promotes equality among citizens.
(ii)Enhances the dignity of the individual.
(iii)Improves the quality of decision making.
(iv)Provides a method to resolve conflicts.
(v)Allows room to correct mistakes.
(vi) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

33. “Bank plays an important role in the economic development of the country.” Support the statement with examples.

Ans: Role of Banks in the economic development of the country:
(i)There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities.
(ii)Banks make use of the deposits to meet the loan requirements of
the people.
(iii)Banks mediate between those who have surplus funds and those
who are in need of these funds.
(iv)They charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on
deposits.
(v)They charge from borrowers and what is paid to depositors is their
main source of income.
(vi)Banks promote all the sectors of the economy through loans.
(vii) Any other relevant point.
Any five points to be explained.

Or

“Credit sometimes pushes the borrower into a situation from which recovery is very painful.” Support the statement with examples.

Ans: Credit push the borrowers in a situation from which recovery is
painful:
(i) It happens when the borrower is not able to repay the loan
(ii) Many a times caught into the situation of debt-trap
(iii) To repay her loan person has to sell a portion of her/his land.
(iv) The situation of the person gets much worse off than before.
(v) Any other relevant point
(To be assessed as a whole)

34. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow : Source A - Production across countries Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was largely organised within countries. What crossed the boundaries of these countries were raw material, food stuff and finished products. Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food stuff and imported finished goods. Trade was the main channel connecting distant countries. This was before large companies called multinational corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene. Source B - Foreign trade and integration of markets Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets, i.e., markets of their own countries. Producers can sell their produce not only in markets located within the country but can also compete in markets located in other countries of the world. Similarly, for the buyers, import of goods produced in another country is one way of expanding the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.

Source C - Impact of globalisation in India Globalisation and greater competition among producers – both local and foreign producers – has been of advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier.

Source A - Production across countries

34.1 How are MNCs a major force in connecting the countries of the world?

Source A- Production across countries
34.1 How are MNCs a major force in connecting the countries of the
world?
Ans: (i) MNCs can form and utilize the connections between national
economies.
(ii) Helps in the integration of world markets
(iii)multinational corporations may also outsource their production
processes, often to lesser developed nations to reduce costs.
(iv)Flows of information are also.
(iv)Any other relevant point.
Any one point to be explained.

Source B - Foreign trade and integration of markets

34.2 How does foreign trade become a main channel in connecting countries?

Ans: (i)Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach
beyond the domestic markets.
(ii)Producers can sell their produce not only in market located within
the country but also compete in markets located in other countries of
the world.
(iv) Technology also helps in expanding foreign trade
(iv)Any other relevant point
Any two points to be explained.

Source C - Impact of globalisation in India

34.3 How is globalisation beneficial for consumers?

Ans: (i) Greater choice before the consumers.
(ii) Improved quality.
(iii)Lower prices for several products.
(iv)People enjoying higher standards of living than was possible
earlier.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Any two points to be explained.

a) Two features ‘A’ and ‘B’ are marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following informations and write their correct names on the lines marked near them.

(A) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.

(B) The place where the movement of Indigo planters was started.

See filled attached map.

For Visually impaired candidates:
35.1 Maharashtra
35.2 Bihar
35.3 Punjab
35.4Gujarat
35.5 Chhattisgarh
35.6 Maharashtra
35.7 Kerala
35.8 Madhya Pradesh (MP)
Any Six questions to be attempted